Public Debt

Government debt, also known as public interest, public debt, national debt and sovereign debt, contrasts to the annual government budget deficit, which is a flow variable that equals the difference between government receipts and spending in a single year. The debt is a stock variable, measured at a specific point in time, and it is the accumulation of all prior deficits. Government debt can be categorized as internal debt (owed to lenders within the country) and external debt (owed to foreign lenders). Another common division of government debt is by duration until repayment is due. Short term debt is generally …

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Publications

IGIDR: Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research · 28 October 2024 English

2 that are getting imposed on the functioning of the IT framework owing to policy choices made by the RBI as well as some legacy, structural issues and in the …

rate. The second is to establish a separate public debt management agency so that the RBI can respond effectively is for the central bank to be free of public debt management obligations. In the current system management work be placed in an independent Public Debt Management Agency (PDMA), this has not been done management One of the key pillars of a sound public debt management framework is the separation of monetary floating exchange rate and establishing a separate public debt management agency so that there is no conflict


IMF: International Monetary Fund · 24 October 2024 English

remains significant, with risks tilted to the downside; medium-term growth prospects are lackluster; public debt has reached record highs and is expected to approach 100 percent of GDP by 2030; and geoeconomic

challenges, including climate change. Global public debt, which has reached record highs as countries


IMF: International Monetary Fund · 24 October 2024 English

Europe's economy is recovering, benefiting from a strong crises' response. Yet, the recovery is falling short of its full potential. Uncertainty about persistent core inflation, policy directions, and geopolitical conflicts, …

................. . . . . . . 12 Figure 12. Public Debt and Fiscal Policy . . . . . . .............. rebuild buffers and secure debt sustainability. Public debt has risen substantially since 2020 as governments Sustainability, Build Buffers, and Prioritize Public debt has risen substantially since 2020 as governments = 9 n = 11 n = 8 Figure 12. Public Debt and Fiscal Policy 1. Public Debt of Advanced Economies (Percent (Percent of GDP) 2. Public Debt of CESEE (Percent of GDP) 0 140 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 140 20 40 60 80 100


WTO: World Trade Organization · 24 October 2024 English

This report discusses the global state of climate action with a focus on carbon pricing and its role in achieving global emission reduction targets. It addresses the challenges of implementing …

GDP, consumption, distributional impacts, and public debt). • The IMF’s Carbon Price Equivalent (CPE) is


World Bank Group · 24 October 2024 English

resources management, pensions management, budget, public debt, investment management, asset management, and


World Bank Group · 24 October 2024 English

The paper examines the macroeconomic effects of public investment in emerging market and developing economies. To this end, the analysis develops a new measure of public investment shocks based on …

budget deficits and unsustainable levels of public debt, particularly when the planning and execution with low public investment efficiency and high public debt, the output effects of public investment are public investment multipliers use the dynamics of public debt as a share of GDP to proxy fiscal space and public investment, infrastructure networks, and public debt accumulation to facilitate a more nuanced analysis Investment and Capital Stock Dataset (IMF 2021a). Public debt data are retrieved from the World Bank’s Fiscal


World Bank Group · 24 October 2024 English

This report is part of the “Energy Subsidy Reform in Action” series produced by the ESMAP Energy Subsidy Reform Facility, with the objective of drawing insights from recent experiences and …

and inflation while keeping fiscal costs and public debt risks manageable. In addition to these tradeoffs


World Bank Group · 24 October 2024 English

This annual report, which covers the period from July 1, 2023, to June 30, 2024, has been prepared by the Executive Directors of both the International Bank for Reconstruction and …

poverty, an existential climate crisis, mounting public debt, food insecurity, an unequal pandemic recovery


World Bank Group · 24 October 2024 English

percent in 2011 to 17.5 percent in 20232. However, public debt has risen to 42.7 percent of GDP in 2023, which significantly contributed to the increase in public debt since 2015. The Government of Nepal (GoN) is pursuing gradual fiscal consolidation to stabilize public debt, including through revenue mobilization efforts


World Bank Group · 24 October 2024

The Sri Lanka Development Update (SLDU) has two main aims. First, it reports on key developments over the past 12 months in Sri Lanka’s economy, places these in longer term …

restructuring. New legislation – including on public debt management, public financial management, central enactment of the new Public Debt Management Law and the establishment of the Public Debt Management Office


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