There is a growing recognition of the importance of effective employment instruments. However, knowledge on what works for whom is still limited, particularly for the most vulnerable groups . The purpose of this report is to summarise the literature on various employment instruments and their effectiveness among different groups of vulnerable individuals. The overall take aways from the report are: 1. The choice of employment instrument is a complex issue, due to barrier complexity 2. To foster sustainable employment a wide range of instruments is required 3. Despite intensive focus and academic research on how to increase the labour market participation among vulnerable groups, significant knowledge gaps still remain. We also have categorised and summarised the latest knowledge on the effectiveness of each labour market instrument, which can be found in the report.
Authors
Højbjerre, Andreas, Jakobsen, Vibeke, Thuesen, Frederik, Witt Rosenberg, Astrid, Lang Thomsen, Rasmus, Stubkjær, Line
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.6027/temanord2024-546
- ISBN
- 978-92-893-8081-2 (electronic) 978-92-893-8082-9 (electronic)
- OAI
- oai:DiVA.org:norden-13313
- Pages
- 115
- Published in
- Copenhagen: Nordisk Ministerråd
- Responsible organisation
- Nordic Council of Ministers, Nordic Council of Ministers Secretariat
- URN
- urn:nbn:se:norden:org:diva-13313
- Year
- 2024
- pages
- 115
Table of Contents
- 4 1. Executive summary 2
- 14 2. Framework of employment instruments and target groups 2
- 19 3. Data and method 2
- 21 4. Education and labour market training 2
- 40 5. Preventive and rehabili tative efforts 2
- 54 6. Compensatory efforts 2
- 58 7. Financial incentives 2
- 76 8. Support cross-sectoral and coordinating efforts 2
- 87 9. Company-aimed measures 3
- 93 10. Literature 3
- 106 Appendix A Collection of Data 3
- 114 About this publication 3
- 1. Executive summary 4
- Background 4
- Methodology 4
- Framework of employment instruments 5
- Key indings 6
- Choice of employment instrument is a complex issue 6
- Sustainable employment requires a wide range of instruments 7
- Despite intensive focus and academic research signiicant knowledge gaps remain 7
- 2. Framework of employment instruments and target groups 14
- 2.1 Framework of employment instruments 14
- 2.2 Framework over target groups 16
- 3. Data and method 19
- 3.1 Literature review 19
- 3.2 Qualitative data collection among Nordic caseworkers 20
- 4. Education and labour market training 21
- 4.1 Guidance and counselling 22
- Description of the instrument 22
- The effectiveness of the instrument 22
- Key considerations regarding the instrument 24
- 4.2 Labour market training 24
- Description of the instrument 24
- The effectiveness of the instrument 25
- Key considerations regarding the instrument 27
- 4.3 Ordinary education 28
- Description of the instrument 28
- The effectiveness of the instrument 28
- Key considerations regarding the instrument 29
- 4.4 Caseworker interviews 30
- Guidance and counselling 31
- Labour market training 33
- Ordinary education 34
- 4.5 Concluding remarks 36
- 5. Preventive and rehabili tative efforts 40
- 5.1 Preventive efforts 40
- Description of the instrument 40
- The effectiveness of the instrument 40
- Key considerations regarding the instrument 43
- 5.2 Rehabilitative efforts 44
- Description of the instrument 44
- The effectiveness of the instrument 44
- Key considerations regarding the instrument 47
- 5.3 Caseworker interviews 48
- Gradual return to work 48
- Rehabilitation 49
- Time as a crucial factor 50
- 5.4 Concluding remarks 51
- 6. Compensatory efforts 54
- 6.1 Work accommodations 54
- Description of the instrument 54
- The effectiveness of the instrument 55
- Key considerations regarding the instrument 55
- 6.2 Caseworker interviews 56
- 6.3 Concluding remarks 57
- 7. Financial incentives 58
- 7.1 Monitoring and sanctioning 58
- Description of the instrument 58
- The effectiveness of the instrument 59
- Key considerations regarding the instrument 60
- 7.2 Beneit schemes 61
- Description of the instrument 61
- The effectiveness of the instrument 61
- Key considerations regarding the instrument 64
- 7.3 Wage subsidies 65
- Description of the instrument 65
- The effectiveness of the instrument 66
- Key considerations regarding the instrument 68
- 7.4 Caseworker interviews 69
- Monitoring and sanctioning 70
- Beneit schemes 70
- Wage subsidies 71
- 7.5 Concluding remarks 72
- 8. Support cross-sectoral and coordinating efforts 76
- 8.1 Support mentoring and relationship to the caseworker 76
- Description of the instrument 76
- The effectiveness of the instrument 77
- Key considerations regarding the instrument 79
- 8.2 Cross-sectoral coordination and ongoing support 80
- Description of the instrument 80
- The effectiveness of the instrument 81
- Key considerations regarding the instrument 82
- 8.3 Caseworker interviews 83
- Support for everyday life challenges 83
- Supported employment 83
- Cross-sectoral efforts 84
- 8.4 Concluding remarks 85
- 9. Company-aimed measures 87
- 9.1 Initiatives to improve the inclusive labour market 88
- Job carving 88
- Development of inclusion competences 89
- Information campaign Gör plats 90
- 9.2 Caseworker interviews 90
- 10. Literature 93
- Appendix A Collection of Data 106
- A.1 Literature review 106
- Searches in international electronic databases 106
- Searching other resources grey literature 107
- Selection of studies 108
- A.2 Qualitative data collection among Nordic caseworkers 110
- About this publication 114
- What works and for whom 114
- An overview of employment instruments among vulnerable groups in the Nordics 114
- Disclaimer 114
- Rights and permissions 114
- Nordic co-operation 115
