Externalities
In economics, an externality is a cost or benefit that is imposed on a third party who did not agree to incur that cost or benefit. The concept of externality was first developed by economist Arthur Pigou in the 1920s. Air pollution from motor vehicles is an example of a negative externality. The costs of the air pollution for the rest of society is not compensated for by either the producers or users of motorized transport. The prototypical example of a negative externality is environmental pollution. Pigou argued that a tax (later called a "Pigouvian tax") on negative externalities could …
WikipediaPublications
IRENA: International Renewable Energy Agency · 30 April 2024 English
Renewable energy
which includes the environmental and social externalities of fossil fuel use (including the macroeconomic …
IRENA: International Renewable Energy Agency · 30 April 2024 English
Renewable energy
the full value of the negative environmental externalities of fossil energy. Aligning energy taxes with … the full value of the negative environmental externalities of fossil energy. Aligning energy taxes with …
ADB: Asian Development Bank · 26 April 2024 English
This study examines the impacts of 3G internet connectivity on COVID-19 case rates across districts in Indonesia.
J. Sanders, and Gregor Singer. 2023. “When Externalities Collide: Influenza and Pollution.” American …
RIS: Research and Information System for Developing Countries · 25 April 2024 English
Emerging Scenario and the Need for Renewed Attention to the Agriculture Sector in the BIMSTEC Region In spite of its declining share in the GDP, agriculture continues to remain a …
view of the potential dividends and positive externalities originating from closer cooperation in agriculture … countries can be justified on the basis of negative externalities in trading with distant lands. Of course, this … justified on the economic principle of positive externalities it causes not only among BIMSTEC countries but …
World Bank Group · 25 April 2024 English
reviewing, and learning, generating positive externalities also beyond the participating countries. …
RAND Corporation · 25 April 2024 English
This report summarises the findings of a RAND study on the intersection of emerging technologies with the space domain out to 2040. It considers the implications of future technology trends …
acknowledging that the pace, direction and wider externalities of such developments will also be shaped by … benefits – and problematic risks, dependencies or externalities. Nevertheless, before discussing the critical …
AEI: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research · 25 April 2024 English
The Draft Technical Documentation for the Framework for Evaluating Damages and Impacts (FrEDI) methodology for analysis of the economic and other impacts of assumed future temperature trajectories will yield no …
the extent that GHG emissions create negative externalities, efficient global emissions policies would …
UCS: Union of Concerned Scientists · 25 April 2024 English
Understanding the future of groundwater sustainability, including sustainability in diverse climate change scenarios, is crucial for low-income and farmworker communities.
of Californians who live with the negative externalities of some conventional agriculture practices (for …
ORF: Observer Research Foundation · 24 April 2024 English
Introduction The US’s relationship with Ukraine has evolved since the end of the Cold War when the latter became an independent country. A crucial development came in 2014 when Russia …
clarity for the Biden administration due to externalities beyond its control, such as sovereign decisions … for Ukraine is now contingent on four key externalities beyond its control. The first factor is how …
AEI: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research · 23 April 2024 English
The Environmental Protection Agency should reject the California Air Resources Board request for authorization of its In-Use Locomotive Regulation. The published CARB analysis of the electric power requirements for only …
the extent that GHG emissions create negative externalities, efficient global emissions policies would …
