Feudalism

Feudalism, also known as the feudal system, was a combination of the legal, economic, military, and cultural customs that flourished in Medieval Europe between the 9th and 15th centuries. Broadly defined, it was a way of structuring society around relationships that were derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labor. Although it is derived from the Latin word feodum or feudum (fief), which was used during the Medieval period, the term feudalism and the system which it describes were not conceived of as a formal political system by the people who lived during the Middle Ages. …

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Publications

CIGI: Centre for International Governance Innovation · 7 February 2024 English

contributes to research on autonomous systems in global governance and looks The proliferation of surveillance technologies specifically at the best ways to mitigate and the expanding influence of data collection …

in the data economy has been met by as “data feudalism.” The term draws a parallel a strategic focus


CEIP: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace · 29 January 2024 English

An attempt by Russia’s longshot independent candidate Boris Nadezhdin to collect enough signatures to stand in the March presidential election has generated political shockwaves. Over 200,000 people have so far …

and that the country is “racing toward medieval feudalism and obscurantism.” The Kremlin would never agree


Fraser Institute · 14 December 2023 English

After Estonia ended socialist rule and transitioned back to a market democracy, Estonians enjoyed vast improvements in their incomes, living standards and other key measures of prosperity. After the second …

the “utopian socialism” of his predecessors). Feudalism, he believed, would naturally lead to capitalism;


IEA: Institute of Economic Affairs · 14 December 2023 English

Estonia is a testament to the productive and ennobling power of freedom. After waves of successive invasions from East and West, the small and fledgling country on the Baltic Sea …

the “utopian socialism” of his predecessors). Feudalism, he believed, would naturally lead to capitalism;


CEIP: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace · 8 December 2023 English

A persistent question over the past two years has been whether Russia has transitioned from an authoritarian state to a totalitarian one. In fact, Russia is a personalist autocracy: one …

was a distinctive feature of Russia’s brand of feudalism and monarchy. Czar Nicholas I said: “It is not


Fraser Institute · 30 November 2023 English

After the Soviet Union invaded Estonia and imposed socialism, living standards in Estonia plummeted—particularly compared to neighbouring Finland. Estonia and Finland share much in common including geography and natural resources. …

the “utopian socialism” of his predecessors). Feudalism, he believed, would naturally lead to capitalism;


CEP: Counter Extremism Project · 8 November 2023 English

This report will cover both the Ministry of Defense (MoD) as well as the Ministry of Interior because in the Houthi regime, as in many authoritarian Arab governments, the Ministry …

operation conducted to move ill-gotten gains. 61 “Feudalism of the Receiver and the Deception Machinery,”


MP-IDSA: Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses · 7 November 2023 English

Therefore, the Medinan verses are to be read in the context of political circumstances of their times, whereas the Meccan verses as the phase when the basic tenents of the …

upliftment. He also rejected the rule of kingship and feudalism.17 However, although Iqbal rejected secularism


ORF: Observer Research Foundation · 7 November 2023 English

The annual parliamentary sittings of China’s National People’s Congress and the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference—usually held at the same time—are important political events, with speeches of leaders at the …

said that the two peaks were allegories for feudalism and imperialism, in what may be interpreted as


NBER: National Bureau of Economic Research · 3 November 2023 English

The origin of the modern publicly-held joint-stock company is typically traced to large-scale maritime trading companies in England and the Netherlands in the early 17th century. Highlighting medieval cases in …

Brown, Z. (1974) The Tyranny of a Construct: Feudalism and Historians of Medieval Europe. American Historical


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