Jim Crow Laws

The Jim Crow laws were state and local laws introduced in the Southern United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that enforced racial segregation, "Jim Crow" being a pejorative term for an African American. Such laws remained in force until 1965. Formal and informal segregation policies were present in other areas of the United States as well, even as several states outside the South had banned discrimination in public accommodations and voting. Southern laws were enacted by white-dominated state legislatures (see "Redeemers") to disenfranchise and remove political and economic gains made by African Americans during the Reconstruction …

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Publications

Changing Opportunity: Sociological Mechanisms Underlying Growing Class Gaps and Shrinking Race Gaps in Economic Mobility

NBER: National Bureau of Economic Research · 18 July 2024 English

We show that intergenerational mobility changed rapidly by race and class in recent decades and use these trends to study the causal mechanisms underlying changes in economic mobility. For white …

rates of slavery before 1860 (Berger, 2018), Jim Crow laws from 1870-1960 (Althoff and Reichardt, 2024) …

Local Administration and Racial Inequality in Federal Program Access: Insights from New Deal Work Relief

NBER: National Bureau of Economic Research · 11 July 2024 English

We examine racial discrimination in the New Deal by examining access to work relief. The Federal Government prohibited racial discrimination in work relief programs. However, eligibility was determined by local …

numerous ways included support for slavery, Jim Crow Laws, segregated and unequal schools, inadequate … and Economic Power of the Black Population Jim Crow laws kept most Black citizens from voting in southern …

Most Black Americans Believe U.S. Institutions Were Designed To Hold Black People Back

Pew Research Center · 15 June 2024 English

Those who experienced racial discrimination are more likely to say these institutions intentionally or negligently harm Black people.

history, from slavery to the implementation of Jim Crow laws in the South, to the rise of mass incarceration …

Stolen Lives: Redress for Slavery’s and Jim Crow’s Ongoing Theft of Lifespan

RSF: Russell Sage Foundation · 1 June 2024 English

Reparations proposals typically target wealth. Yet slavery’s and Jim Crow’s long echoes also steal time, such as by producing shorter Black lifespans even today. I argue that lost time should …

(Reece 2022). Second, I examine counts of Jim Crow laws passed by each state before 1950. These laws … large long- term economic consequences of both Jim Crow laws and Jim Crow school quality, using data on … components) is 0.89, and with the count of Jim Crow laws (a much simplified version of which is one … pro- portion enslaved in 1860, the count of Jim Crow laws, and the quality of Jim Crow schools—are reported … Jim Crow states. Additionally, the count of Jim Crow laws is also reported without Louisiana, which passed …

Normalizing Reparations: U.S. Precedent, Norms, and Models for Compensating Harms and Implications for Reparations to Black Americans

RSF: Russell Sage Foundation · 1 June 2024 English

Paying reparations to Black Americans has long been contentiously debated. This article addresses an unexamined pillar of this debate: the United States has a long-standing social norm that if an …

Codes with state- enforced racial segregation. Jim Crow laws prohibited Blacks from gaining adequate education …