Nuclear Weapons

A nuclear weapon (also called an atom bomb, nuke, atomic bomb, nuclear warhead, A-bomb, or nuclear bomb) is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or from a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear bomb). Both bomb types release large quantities of energy from relatively small amounts of matter. The first test of a fission ("atomic") bomb released an amount of energy approximately equal to 20,000 tons of TNT (84 TJ). The first thermonuclear ("hydrogen") bomb test released energy approximately equal to 10 million tons of TNT (42 PJ). Nuclear bombs …

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Publications

MP-IDSA: Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses · 26 July 2024 English

Since the end of the Second World War, the US’s engagement in South Asia has undergone changes in response to evolving geopolitical dynamics in the region and the global landscape. …

indifference towards Pakistani efforts to acquire nuclear weapons. With the onset of the twenty-first century Bangladesh in 1971, prompting Pakistan to pursue nuclear weapons as a means of restoring strategic equilibrium the Kashmir dispute. Both countries possess nuclear weapons and have been engaged in an arms race, developing prevent India and Pakistan from acquiring nuclear weapons in 1998. Concerns over potential conflict, nuclear tensions, and averting the risk of nuclear weapons, technology, and materials falling into the


NITI Aayog: National Institution for Transforming India (NITI Aayog) · 22 July 2024 English

The economic reforms under way and the economic & institutional reforms on the agenda for the next few years, will sustain growth of per capita GDP at 7% during the …

9 1.9 Note: This index doesn’t account for Nuclear weapons 104 Virmani Index of Power(VIP) 2020 2035 2050


CEIP: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace · 18 July 2024 English

It’s that time of the year! Dip into the third and final batch of summer recommendations from Carnegie Europe’s scholars, friends, and colleagues. We hope you discover some real gems.

Rodier. A comic book about the history of nuclear weapons and nuclear deterrence in French. A perfect


CEIP: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace · 17 July 2024 English

The message from Chinese officials has become increasingly clear: the United States and China should first stabilize their political relationship before taking on nuclear issues.

experts had pointed out, reducing the risk of nuclear weapons use was the countries’ most obvious common generation leaders emphasized the role Chinese nuclear weapons could play in deterring nuclear at- tacks.3 including greater reliance on the first use of nuclear weapons. This might compel the United States to substantially have elevated the political importance of nuclear weapons. Coupled with significant changes in China’s thinking over past decades. In recent years, U.S. nuclear weapons have become more accurate. The country has


CEIP: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace · 17 July 2024 English

The lack of an international governance framework for military AI poses risks to global security. The EU should spearhead an inclusive initiative to set global standards and ensure the responsible …

undertaken during World War II to produce the �rst nuclear weapons. �e rapidly evolving nature of AI calls into harder than governing physical items like nuclear weapons. Even while advocating greater oversight over require out-of-the-box thinking. Compared with nuclear weapons, AI models can be more easily copied and disseminated


FPRI: Foreign Policy Research Institute · 17 July 2024 English

further. These included Russian air force violations of Swedish airspace, an unscheduled tactical nuclear weapons exercise, and Putin’s presentation of a peace ultimatum in an attempt to undermine the Swiss-sponsored

Swedish airspace, an unscheduled tactical nuclear weapons exercise, and Putin’s presentation of a peace crisis elsewhere, such as by employing tactical nuclear weapons against Ukraine. There is no shortage of Putin


DPG: Delhi Policy Group · 17 July 2024 English

DPG is deeply committed to the growth of India’s national power and purpose, the security and prosperity of the people of India and India’s contributions to the global public good. …

full range of U.S. capabilities, including nuclear weapons. A day before the bilateral leaders meeting


CEIP: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace · 16 July 2024 English

Many in Moscow believe that the system of arms control created during the Cold War was advantageous to the West—and they want that to change.

o�cials have even threatened to use strategic nuclear weapons against the West. Moscow rejects Washington’s Russia has been trying to bully the West with nuclear weapons for years. In 2018, Russian President Vladimir Ukraine, Russia’s Defense Ministry has seen nuclear weapons as the sole obstacle to a war with NATO, while S. support for Kyiv, Russia has stationed nuclear weapons in Belarus, withdrawn from the Comprehensive talks on strategic arms control and a ban on nuclear weapons in space (Moscow, of course, rejects any initiative


Australian Human Rights Commission · 16 July 2024 English

And he had been in the chair at the moment when the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted as the core charter of the new United Nations organisation, which …

would suffer grievously because of the new nuclear weapons which were much on our mind at that time. And


ORF: Observer Research Foundation · 15 July 2024 English

Editor’s Note Military reforms have been a long pending requirement for post-Independence India. Under the Narendra Modi government in the past decade, crucial decisions were made in the defence reform …

press release from the government about its nuclear weapons policy.4 India’s poor experience of the military


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