Prices

A price is the (usually not negative) quantity of payment or compensation given by one party to another in return for one unit of goods or services. A price is influenced by production costs, supply of the desired item, and demand for the product. A price may be determined by a monopolist or may be imposed on the firm by market conditions. In modern economies, prices are generally expressed in units of some form of currency. (For commodities, they are expressed as currency per unit weight of the commodity, e.g. euros per kilogram or Rands per KG.) Although prices could …

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Publications

World Bank Group · 6 May 2024 English

High energy prices and global supply shocks added new price pressures. Higher food prices particularly


Nuffield Trust · 18 April 2024 English

Following on from our 2022 report looking at the health landscape six years on from Brexit, this report aims to look deeper at key trends we identified in the supply …

patients. The English NHS had to increase medicine prices to deal with supply problems on a scale which August 2023 would have cost 8% less at their 2021 prices, equivalent to £800 million in extra spending. chains. Contributors told us that a downward push in prices and the dominance of ingredient and formulation budgets. There had then been an attempt to squeeze prices back down in 2022 and 2023 as the health service prescribed in the community somewhat supports this. The prices of the equivalent products rose by 5.4% from August


U4: U4 Anti-corruption Resources Centre · 18 April 2024

The Russian full-scale invasion has disrupted all areas of life in Ukraine, including education in Corruption within secondary the forms of the destruction of many school buildings and the displacement …

to be published in the form of ensuring market prices for school resources are open data, requirements


PICES: North Pacific Marine Science Organization · 17 April 2024 English

All names and claims expressed in this book of abstracts are solely those of the authors and do not represent those of the PICES Organization, nor those of their affiliated …

species and market-based indicators, such as fish prices and costs, could prove to be an effective minimum to examine the information content of dockside prices and fishing costs, controlling for landings, trade fees on each section of the farming grounds, whose prices would reflect the fishers’ evaluation on the quality quality of the farming grounds (higher prices on better sections). However, the quality can be changed


CEPR: Centre for Economic Policy Research · 17 April 2024 English

In his non- profit activity, Vladyslav served as a member of the National Reform Council (2014-2016), Chair of the Banking Committee of the American Chamber of Commerce in Ukraine (2010-2014) …

had more exposure to fluctuations in commodity prices, but also because it had weaker institutions and affected because failing institutions tend to cut prices and to increase risk when trying to win new business For this purpose, the UDB would offer competitive prices in the over-the-counter bond market. The NBU could ownership structure. Further deregulation (e.g. prices for auto insurance have been set by the government) be fair, tariffs were also aligned with market prices). Furthermore, Naftogaz defeated Gazprom in courts


NHF: National Housing Federation · 17 April 2024 English

National Housing Federation: Supported housing to 2040 Page | 13 voluntary organisations provide 11% of supported housing in England.12 This would bring the total amount of supported housing in England …

estimated development cost of £7.8billion in 2024 prices. We looked at other indications of hidden demand year for support costs.106 When uprated to 2024 prices, this should be £12,424. While we have accounted average cost per unit was £686. When uprated to 2024 prices, this is £902, though the actual expenditure may support costs, uprated for inflation to estimate 2024 prices, see Table 9. Table 9 Estimate of support costs The Valuation Office Agency (VOA) produced land prices for policy appraisals in 2019 but cautioned that


Financial Stability Board · 17 April 2024 English

Recommendations 4 and 5: liquidity stress testing and scenario design Recommendation 4 sets out the need for conducting liquidity stress tests with respect to margin and collateral calls to identify …

concentration of leverage;12 its opaqueness;13 volatile prices or valuations; market participants’ inadequate


OSW: Centre for Eastern Studies · 17 April 2024 English

the transport of Ukrainian exports to the EU, which was to be achieved by increasing the number of carriage operations in excess of the limits applied to date1 (see below). …

performed by Polish companies, despite their higher prices. Chart 4. The share of Polish carriers in transportation only due to the Polish carriers’ less competitive prices. Numerous carriers were unable to provide their strict EU regulations. inflation rate and in energy prices. According to the TIMOCOM logistics services marketplace carri- from the rise in inflation rate and in energy prices. ers illegally carrying out cabotage operations


Africa 21 · 16 April 2024

In part two of our feature series on human-wildlife conflict in Kenya, we paint the picture of the pain caused by the conflict and the measures being put in place …

change through water rationing, increased water prices, and potential disruptions to daily life. To mitigate


C.D. Howe Institute · 16 April 2024 English

Canadians rely on regulatory and permitting processes to understand costs to people, animals, air, and water as well as the substantial benefits and tradeoffs between various courses of action. [...] …

many unexpected headwinds such as low commodity prices, wildfires, an uncertain international trade relationship


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